Which cranial nerve is involved in controlling the muscles of the tongue?

Which cranial nerve is involved in controlling the muscles of the tongue?

• A. Hypoglossal (XII)
• B. Vagus (X)
• C. Auditory (VIII)
• D. Facial (VII)

Answer: (A)

The hypoglossal nerve, also known as cranial nerve XII, is primarily responsible for controlling the movements of the tongue. This nerve innervates the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue, allowing for various functions such as speech, swallowing, and manipulating food. Its motor fibers enable precise control over the tongue's movements, making it crucial for articulation and proper oral motor function.

In contrast, the vagus nerve primarily regulates functions of the heart, lungs, and digestive tract, rather than controlling tongue movement. The auditory nerve is focused on hearing and balance, playing no role in tongue function. Lastly, while the facial nerve has some involvement with the muscles related to facial expressions and the glandular secretions of the mouth, it does not control the muscles of the tongue directly. Thus, the hypoglossal nerve is the clear and correct answer in this context.